Allspice ? 1 teaspoon
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon plus 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves.
Baking Powder ? 1 teaspoon
1/3 tsp. baking soda plus 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar or
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup yogurt or buttermilk (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/2 cup)
Bread Crumbs (Dry) ? 1 cup
3 slices of bread, crumbled.
Butter ? 1 cup
1 cup of regular margarine or
1 cup of vegetable shortening (for baking) or
1 cup of oil (but only if melted butter is called for)
Buttermilk ? 1 cup
1 tablespoon of lemon juice or vinegar plus enough regular milk to make 1 cup (let sit for 5 minutes)
Cream / Half and Half ? 1 cup
7/8th of a cup of whole milk plus 1/2 tablespoon of butter or
3 tablespoons of oil, plus enough milk for 1 cup or
1 cup of evaporated milk
Cocoa ? 1/4th cup
1 ounce (square) chocolate (decrease butter/oil in recipe by 1/2 a tablespoon)
Condensed Milk ? 1 cup
Heat 1/3 cup of evaporated milk, 3/4 cup of sugar, and 2 tablespoons of butter until dissolved.
Cornstarch (for thickening) ? 1 tablespoon
2 tablespoons of flour (must cook for at least 3 minutes longer to thicken)
Egg ? 1 whole egg
1/4th cup of egg beaters or
2 tablespoons of mayonnaise (for baking batters only)
Flour (All-Purpose) ? 1 cup
1/2 cup whole wheat flour plus 1/2 cup of all purpose flour (don?t substitute more than 1/2 the flour)
The following alternatives require more leavening, so add 2 1/2 teaspoons of baking powder per cup of flour. Also recommended, use buttermilk and 1/2 a teaspoon of baking soda instead of milk to decrease heaviness.
3/4 cup rice flour or
1 1/2 cups of oat flour or
1 1/4 cups of rye flour or
5/8 cup of potato starch flour or
1 cup rolled oats or
1 cup fine cornmeal
Sugar (Powdered) ? 1 cup
3/4 cup of granulated sugar
Sugar (White) ? 1 cup
1 cup of firmly packed brown sugar or
1 3/4 cups confectioner?s sugar (not for baking) or
3/4 cup maple syrup (reduce liquid in recipe by 3 tablespoons)
Whole Milk ? 1 cup
1 cup buttermilk plus 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda (if baking, reduce baking powder by 2 teaspoons) or
1/4 cup nonfat dry milk , 7/8 cup of water, and 2 teaspoons of butter
Plain Yogurt ? 1 cup
1 cup buttermilk or
1 cup cottage cheese (blended smooth) or
1 cup sour cream